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Blood sugar, also known as glycemia, is the amount of sugar (glucose) present in the bloodstream. This measurement is a key indicator for blood sugar control and is important for maintaining health. Blood sugar serves as a source of energy for cells in the body, especially for the brain and muscles.
Blood sugar levels are carefully regulated by hormones, primarily insulin, which is produced by the pancreas. A healthy body tries to maintain blood sugar within a certain range, which is usually between 70 and 140 milligrams of glucose per deciliter of blood (mg/dl) during the day.
Diabetes: Diabetes mellitus is a disease characterized by a disorder of sugar metabolism. There are two main forms of diabetes - type 1 diabetes and type 2 diabetes. In both cases, blood sugar levels become problematically high, which can lead to various health problems.
Normal Range: Normal blood sugar levels in adults are usually in the range of 70-100 mg/dL on an empty stomach and may rise to less than 140 mg/dL 2 hours after a meal. For diabetics, the target values are different and can be set individually.
Hypoglycemia: A blood sugar level below normal (hypoglycemia) can cause symptoms such as weakness, dizziness, hunger and even loss of consciousness. This is usually associated with excessive insulin use or low sugar intake.
Hyperglycemia: On the contrary, an elevated blood sugar level (hyperglycemia) is typical of diabetes. If left untreated, it can cause serious complications, including heart, eye, kidney and nerve damage.